Hvordan fungerer en fastlinje telefon?
Licensed from: Larisa Fedotova / yayimages.com
Først sendte man brev til hverandre på papir, og det tok lang tid. Så kom telegrafen, men man måtte gå til telegrafstasjonen, og mottakende telegrafstasjon måtte finne mottakeren for å få overlevert telegrammet. Så kom fasttelefonen, men den fungerte bare hjemme. Til slutt kom mobiltelefonen, det perfekte kommunikasjonsverktøyet, som du kan ta med deg over alt og som fungerer over alt! (Gitt at du har dekning og batteri….)
Men den gamle fasttelefonen, hvordan fungerte (fungerer) den faktisk? Hvordan kommer du i kontakt med riktig telefon, dvs. telefonen til den du skal snakke med? I dette blogginnlegget skal jeg prøve å forklare hvordan en fasttelefon gjør dette.
Den enkleste formen for telefon er to telefonapparater koblet sammen med en ledning. Dette fungerer helt greit, du får alltid tak i riktig person. Brodern min fikk tak i to gamle sveivetelefoner, strakk en kabel fra sitt soverom til kammeraten sitt soverom, og vipps så hadde de gratis telefonforbindelse dag og natt.
Licensed from: moodboard / yayimages.com
Men det å strekke en kabel til alle du kunne tenke deg å snakke med blir noe tungvint. Derfor oppfant man telefonsentralen! Telefonsentralen var en genial oppfinnelse! Den fungerer slik:
- Folk i Bergen og Oslo ønsker å snakke sammen ved hjelp av fasttelefon
- Man er avhengig av en ubrutt fysisk linje mellom de to telefonene som skal snakke sammen
- Det er ikke hensiktsmessig å strekke fysiske linjer mellom alle som bor i Bergen og alle som bor i Oslo.
- Man strekker en fysisk linje mellom Bergen og Oslo, denne linjen kobles til en telefonsentral begge steder
- I Bergen og Oslo kobles alle som har telefon til sin telefonsentral
- I telefonsentralen sitter det en sentralborddame, når noen i Bergen vil ringe noen i Oslo kontakter de sentralborddamen i Bergen og sier nummeret til den de vil snakke med i Oslo. Sentralborddamen i Bergen tar så kontakt med sentralborddamen i Oslo. Så kobler sentralborddamen i Bergen personen i Bergen sin telefon til telefonlinjen mellom Bergen og Oslo, og sentralborddamen i Oslo gjør det samme der for personen i Oslo. Da har man skapt en fysisk linje fra en telefon i Bergen til en telefon i Oslo, og en samtale kan gjennomføres
- Dette er en meget kostnadseffektiv metode for å skape et fungerende telefonisystem, mye billigere enn å skulle koble sammen alle telefonene i Norge direkte. Alle i Bergen vil jo ikke snakke med noe i Oslo samtidig!
- Man kan også lage flere kjeder av telefonsentraler, siden man oftere vil snakke med personer i nærmiljøet enn langt vekke. For eksempel kan det være hundre lokale telefonsentraler for lokale samtaler, og en rikstelefonsentral for samtaler til andre regioner. For å ringe Oslo da vil den lokale sentralen kolbe seg til rikstelefonsentralen, som så kobler seg til rikstelefonsentralen i Oslo, osv. Og etter hver som behovet økte ville man strekke flere og flere linjer mellom regionene.
Licensed from: michaklootwijk / yayimages.com
Det ble etter hvert veldig mange sentraler, og veldig mange sentralborddamer, trolig tusenvis på det meste. men så kom automatsentralene og erstattet både telefonsentralene og sentralborddamene, først mekaniske automatsentraler, og etter hvert elektroniske og digitale automatsentraler.
Den siste telefonsentralen skal ha blitt automatisert i 1985, men jeg vet at rikstelefonen i Bergen fortsatt var i funksjon i 1988. Men nå er det slutt på både sentralborddamer og manuelle telefonsentraler (http://www.omnia.ie/index.php?navigation_function=2&navigation_item=%2F2022608%2FHH_0412_07175&repid=1).
#Teknologi #Telefon #Fasttelefon #Telefonsentral #Sentralborddamer
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